© 2005 The Japanese Biochemical Society
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Biochemical and Functional Characterization of BLUF-Type Flavin-Binding Proteins of Two Species of Cyanobacteria
1 Department of Life Sciences (Biology), The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902; 2 Research Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570; 3 Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602; 4 National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki National Research Institutes, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585; and 5 Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7, Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0828
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +81-3-5454-6641, Fax: +81-3-5454-4337, E-mail: mikeuchi{at}bio.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp
BLUF (a sensor of Blue-Light Using FAD) is a novel putative photoreceptor domain that is found in many bacteria and some eukaryotic algae. As found on genome analysis, certain cyanobacteria have BLUF proteins with a short C-terminal extension. As typical examples, Tll0078 from thermophilic Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 and Slr1694 from mesophilic Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were comparatively studied. FAD of both proteins was hardly reduced by exogenous reductants or mediators except methylviologen but showed a typical spectral shift to a longer wavelength upon excitation with blue light. In particular, freshly prepared Tll0078 protein showed slow but reversible aggregation, indicative of light-induced conformational changes in the protein structure. Tll0078 is far more stable as to heat treatment than Slr1694, as judged from flavin fluorescence. The slr1694-disruptant showed phototactic motility away from the light source (negative phototaxis), while the wild type Synechocystis showed positive phototaxis toward the source. Yeast two-hybrid screening with slr1694 showed self-interaction of Slr1694 (PixD) with itself and interaction with a novel PatA-like response regulator, Slr1693 (PixE). These results were discussed in relation to the signaling mechanism of the "short" BLUF proteins in the regulation of cyanobacterial phototaxis.
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