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Journal of Biochemistry Advance Access originally published online on October 30, 2007
Journal of Biochemistry 2008 143(1):49-57; doi:10.1093/jb/mvm203
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© 2007 The Japanese Biochemical Society.

D-Serine Dehydratase from Chicken Kidney: A Vertebral Homologue of the Cryptic Enzyme from Burkholderia cepacia

Hiroyuki Tanaka*, Atsushi Yamamoto, Tetsuo Ishida and Kihachiro Horiike

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Ohtsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +81-77-548-2158, Fax: +81-77-548-2157, E-mail: tanakah{at}belle.shiga-med.ac.jp

Received August 30, 2007; Accepted September 30, 2007


  Abstract

D-Serine dehydratase (DSD) catalyses the conversion of D-serine to pyruvate and ammonia. D-Serine is a physiological modulator of glutamate neurotransmission in vertebrate brains. In mammals D-serine is degraded by D-amino-acid oxidase, whereas in chicken brain it is degraded by DSD, as we have recently demonstrated [Tanaka et al. (2007) Anal. Biochem. 362, 83–88]. To clarify the roles of DSD in avian species, we purified DSD from chicken kidney. The purified enzyme was a heterodimer consisting of subunits separable by SDS–PAGE but with identical N-terminal amino acid sequences. The prominent absorption at 416 nm and the inhibition of the enzyme both by hydroxylamine and by aminooxyacetate suggested that the enzyme contains pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as a cofactor. The enzyme showed the highest specificity to D-serine: the kcat/Km values of DSD for D-serine, D-threonine and L-serine were 6.19 x 103, 164 and 16 M–1s–1, respectively. DSD was found immunohistochemically in the proximal tubules of the chicken kidney. Judging from the amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA, chicken DSD is a homologue of cryptic DSD from Burkholderia cepacia and low-specificity D-threonine aldolase from Arthrobacter sp. strain DK-38, all of which have a cofactor binding motif of PHXK(T/A) in their N-terminal portions.

Key Words: chicken kidney, D-serine, D-serine dehydratase, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, proximal tubules

Abbreviations: DAO, D-amino acid oxidase; NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartate; DSD, D-serine dehydratase; PLP, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate; DTT, dithiothreitol; KPi, potassium phosphate; PBST, phosphate-buffered saline containing 0.1% Tween 20; GC-LALLS, low-angle laser light scattering measurement combined with gel chromatography; EST, expression sequence tag; RACE, rapid amplification of cDNA ends; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline


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