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Journal of Biochemistry Advance Access originally published online on April 4, 2008
Journal of Biochemistry 2008 144(1):51-62; doi:10.1093/jb/mvn042
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© 2008 The Japanese Biochemical Society

The Nucleocapsid Protein of SARS-CoV Induces Transcription of hfgl2 Prothrombinase Gene Dependent on C/EBP Alpha

Meifang Han1,2, Weiming Yan1,2, Yuancheng Huang1,2, Huaning Yao1,2, Zhanhui Wang3, Dong Xi1,2, Weina Li1,2, Yaoyong Zhou1,2, Jinlin Hou3, Xiaoping Luo2,4 and Qin Ning1,2,*

1Department of Infectious Disease; 2Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030; 3Department of Infectious Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515; and 4Department of Pediatrics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 27 83662391, Fax: +86 27 83662391, E-mail: qning{at}tjh.tjmu.edu.cn

Received February 4, 2008; Accepted March 11, 2008


  Abstract

Fibrin deposition was universal in the lungs of SARS patients and fgl2 prothrombinase gene, a novel procoagulant, was demonstrated to express highly in a clinically relevant SARS model. To investigate whether and which structural protein of SARS-CoV induced transcription of hfgl2 prothrombinase gene, three eukaryotic expression plasmids expressing nucleocapsid protein (N), membrane protein (M) and spike protein 2 (S2) of SARS-CoV were co-transfected with hfgl2 promoter luciferase-reporter plasmids and β-galactosidase plasmid in CHO cells, respectively. M, N and S2 protein of SARS-CoV were detected by western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. Further assays demonstrated that expression of hfgl2 gene was related with N protein, but not with M or S2 protein in THP-1 cells and Vero cells. N protein significantly induced functional procoagulant activity in comparison with control group. Luciferase assay showed that N protein of SARS-CoV could activate the transcription of hfgl2 promoter compared with the pcDNA3.1 empty vector. Site-directed mutagenesis and EMSA assay further demonstrated that transcription factor C/EBP alpha band with its cognate cis-element in hfgl2 promoter. The results showed that N protein of SARS-CoV induced hfgl2 gene transcription dependent on the transcription factor C/EBP alpha, which maybe contribute to the development of thrombosis in SARS.

Key Words: gene regulation, hfgl2, nucleocapsid protein, prothrombinase, SARS-CoV

Abbreviations: fgl2, fibrinogen-like protein-2; hfgl2, human fibrinogen-like protein-2; mfgl2, mouse fibrinogen-like protein-2; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome; SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronary virus


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