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Journal of Biochemistry Advance Access originally published online on July 17, 2008
Journal of Biochemistry 2008 144(3):287-294; doi:10.1093/jb/mvn090
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© 2008 The Japanese Biochemical Society

JB Minireviews-New Paradigm in Glycobiology

Biosynthesis, Remodelling and Functions of Mammalian GPI-anchored Proteins: Recent Progress

Taroh Kinoshita1,2,3,*, Morihisa Fujita2,3 and Yusuke Maeda1,2,4

1WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center; 2Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; 3CREST; and 4PREST, Japan Society of Technology, Saitama, Japan

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +81-6-6879-8328, Fax: +81-6-6875-5233, E-mail: tkinoshi{at}biken.osaka-u.ac.jp

Received June 10, 2008; Accepted July 1, 2008


  Abstract

More than 100 mammalian proteins are post-translationally modified by glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) at their C-termini and are anchored to the cell surface membrane via the lipid portion. GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) have various functions, such as hydrolytic enzymes, receptors, adhesion molecules, complement regulatory proteins and other immunologically important proteins. GPI-anchored proteins are mainly associated with membrane microdomains or membrane rafts enriched in sphingolipids and cholesterol. It is thought that association with membrane rafts is important for GPI-APs in signal transduction and other functions. Here, we review recent progress in studies on biosynthesis, remodelling and functions of mammalian GPI-APs.

Key Words: endoplasmic reticulum, fatty acid, glycosyltransferases, Golgi apparatus, post-translational modification

Abbreviations: CHO, Chinese hamster ovary; Dol-P-Man, dolichol-phosphate-mannose; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; EtNP, ethanolamine phosphate; GalNAc, β-N-acetylgalactosamine; GlcN, glucosamine; GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol; GPI-AP, GPI-anchored protein; GPIET, GPI ethanolaminephosphate transferase; GPI-GnT, GPI-N-acetylglucosamine transferase; GPI-MT, GPI mannosyltransferase; HexNAc, N-acetyl hexosamine; Man, mannose; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI, phosphatidylinositol; TA, transamidase


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