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Journal of Biochemistry Advance Access originally published online on October 9, 2008
Journal of Biochemistry 2009 145(1):13-20; doi:10.1093/jb/mvn136
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© The Authors 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Japanese Biochemical Society. All rights reserved

2-Arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoinositol: A Possible Natural Ligand for GPR55

Saori Oka, Toshinobu Toshida, Kanako Maruyama, Keisuke Nakajima, Atsushi Yamashita and Takayuki Sugiura*

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-0195, Japan

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +81-042-685-3746, Fax: +81-042-685-1345, E-mail: sugiurat{at}pharm.teikyo-u.ac.jp

Received August 15, 2008; Accepted September 26, 2008


  Abstract

GPR55 is a G protein-coupled receptor. Recently, we obtained evidence that lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) is a possible endogenous ligand for GPR55. However, no information is currently available concerning the biological activities of the individual molecular species of LPI. Furthermore, little is known concerning the levels as well as the molecular species of LPI in mammalian tissues. In this study, we first examined whether LPI is present in rat brain. We found that rat brain contains 37.5 nmol/g tissue of LPI; the most predominant fatty acyl moiety is stearic acid (50.5%) followed by arachidonic acid (22.1%). We next compared the biological activities of various molecular species of LPI and related molecules using HEK293 cells expressing GPR55. We found that the level of biological activity of the 2-arachidonoyl species is markedly higher than those of others. These results strongly suggest that the 2-arachidonoyl species of LPI is the true natural ligand for GPR55.

Key Words: 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoinositol, cannabinoid, G protein-coupled receptor, GPR55, lysophosphatidylinositol

Abbreviations: [Ca2+]i, intracellular free Ca2+ concentration; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GC, gas chromatography; LPA, lysophosphatidic acid; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; LPG, lysophosphatidylglycerol; LPI, lysophosphatidylinositol; PI, phosphatidylinositol; S1P, sphingosine 1-phosphate


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