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Journal of Biochemistry Advance Access originally published online on January 4, 2009
Journal of Biochemistry 2009 145(3):267-273; doi:10.1093/jb/mvp001
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© The Authors 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Japanese Biochemical Society. All rights reserved

JB Review

Protein Tyrosine Kinase, Syk: A Key Player in Phagocytic Cells

Yumi Tohyama1,* and Hirohei Yamamura2

1Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji; and 2Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Japan

*To whom correspondence may be addressed. Tel: +81-79-223-6809, Fax: +81-79-285-0352, E-mail: ytohyama{at}himeji-du.ac.jp

Correspondence may also be addressed to Hirohei Yamamura. Tel: +81-78-511-6640, Fax: +81-78-531-7080, E-mail: hirohei_yamamura{at}pref.hyogo.lg.jp

Received October 1, 2008; Accepted October 30, 2008


  Abstract

Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase expressed in a wide range of haematopoietic cells. At the initial stage of investigation, main exploring was toward its functions in platelets and in classical immunoreceptor signalling. However, Syk has now been recognized as a key player in both innate and adaptive immunity. Especially, in phagocytosis, Syk plays essential roles in signalling evoked by various types of receptors such as Fc{gamma}R, CR3, Dectin-1 and apoptotic cell-recognizing receptor. A variety of upstream immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-like molecules have been found and are still in the course of new studies. On the contrary, downstream effectors to explain diverse function of Syk are still under exploration. As its novel function, we propose the role of Syk in the regulation of {alpha}-tubulin acetylation. Further investigation on the effectors of Syk would give us more information in relation to therapeutic molecular targets.

Key Words: ITAM, integrin, macrophage, phagocytosis, Syk

Abbreviations: BLNK, B-cell linker protein; CHO, Chinese hamster ovary; CR3, complement receptor 3; Fc{gamma}R, Fc{gamma} receptor; IgG, immunoglobulin; ITAM, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif; LIBS, ligand-induced binding site; MoAb, monoclonal antibody; NK, natural killer; PSGL-1, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1; PTK, protein-tyrosine kinase; SH2, Src homology 2; SLP76, SH2-domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kDa; Syk, Spleen tyrosine kinase


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