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Journal of Biochemistry Advance Access originally published online on December 27, 2008
Journal of Biochemistry 2009 145(3):355-364; doi:10.1093/jb/mvn173
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© The Authors 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Japanese Biochemical Society. All rights reserved

Importance of the Ionic Nature of Ionic Liquids in Affecting Enzyme Performance

Zhen Yang*, Ya-Jun Yue, Wen-Chao Huang, Xiao-Ma Zhuang, Zheng-Tao Chen and Miao Xing

College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China

*To whom the correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86-755-2653-4152, Fax: +86-755-2653-4274, E-mail: zyang{at}szu.edu.cn

Received October 27, 2008; Accepted December 8, 2008


  Abstract

The activity and stability of mushroom tyrosinase were studied in ionic liquid (IL)-containing aqueous systems. The effect of three ILs ([BMIm][PF6], [BMIm][BF4]), and [BMIm][MeSO4], where [BMIm] = 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium) and their inorganic salts (KMeSO4, KPF6, and NaBF4) on the enzyme performance was investigated by comparing the kinetic (such as Km, Vmax, optimal pH and temperature, and activation energy) and thermostability parameters (including half-lives, deactivation constants, activation energies for enzyme deactivation, {Delta}G*, {Delta}H*, and {Delta}S*) of the enzyme in the absence and presence of the ILs and their anions. Both the three ILs and their inorganic salts were able to trigger enzyme activation. The enzyme could be stabilized by addition of KMeSO4 and NaBF4 but destabilized by the presence of all the three ILs. The substrate selectivity of the enzyme was unchanged. The effect of ILs on enzyme performance can be largely attributed to their ionic nature via interaction with the enzyme structure, the substrate, and the water molecules associated with the enzyme, depending on their kosmotropocity, nucleophilicity, and H-bond basicity. The different influences brought from the ILs and their associated ions indicate the cooperative functioning of both cation and anion of the IL in affecting the enzyme performance.

Key Words: Hofmeister series, ionic liquids, ionic nature, kosmotropicity, tyrosinase


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