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Journal of Biochemistry Advance Access originally published online on April 7, 2009
Journal of Biochemistry 2009 146(2):209-217; doi:10.1093/jb/mvp057
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© The Authors 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Japanese Biochemical Society. All rights reserved

CEL-I, an N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-Specific C-Type Lectin, Induces Nitric Oxide Production in RAW264.7 Mouse Macrophage Cell Line

Tomohiro Yamanishi1, Tomomitsu Hatakeyama2, Kenichi Yamaguchi1 and Tatsuya Oda1,*

1Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Fisheries; and 2Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +81-95-819-2831, E-mail: t-oda{at}nagasaki-u.ac.jp

Received January 25, 2009; Accepted April 1, 2009


  Abstract

We found that CEL-I, a GalNAc-specific C-type lectin isolated from the marine invertebrate Holothuroidea (Cucumaria echinata), induces inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and NO production in RAW264.7 cells. The NO production was inhibited by an iNOS inhibitor, L-NAME, but was not by a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhibitor, polymyxin B. In the presence of 0.1-M GalNAc, increased NO production by CEL-I-treated RAW264.7 cells was observed rather than the inhibition. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) significantly inhibited the CEL-I-induced NO production as well as the binding of FITC-labelled CEL-I on RAW264.7 cells. Three MAP kinase inhibitors (specific to extra-cellular regulated kinase, c-jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38 MAP kinase) inhibited CEL-I-induced NO production with different extents. Heat-treatment of CEL-I resulted in a decreased activity of CEL-I depending on the temperature. These results suggest that CEL-I induces NO production in RAW264.7 cells through the protein–cell interaction rather than the binding to the specific carbohydrate chains on the cell surface.

Key Words: CEL-I, C-type lectin, Cucumaria echinata, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO)

Abbreviations: C-type lectin, Ca2+-dependent lectin; DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's minimal essential medium; ERK, extra-cellular regulated kinase; FBS, fetal bovine serum; FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; F-CEL-I, FITC-labelled CEL-I; GalNAc, N-acetylgalactosamine; GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; IFN-{gamma}, interferon-{gamma}; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; JNK, c-jun NH2-terminal kinase; L-NAME, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MAP kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase; NO, nitric oxide; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PHA-L, phytohaemagglutinin-L (Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin); TNF, tumour necrosis factor; WGA, wheat germ agglutinin


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