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Journal of Biochemistry Advance Access originally published online on July 23, 2009
Journal of Biochemistry 2009 146(5):675-682; doi:10.1093/jb/mvp112
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© The Authors 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Japanese Biochemical Society. All rights reserved

Production of n-octanoyl-modified Ghrelin in Cultured Cells Requires Prohormone Processing Protease and Ghrelin O-acyltransferase, as well as n-octanoic Acid

Tomoko Takahashi1, Takanori Ida1, Takahiro Sato1, Yoshiki Nakashima1, Yuki Nakamura1, Akihiko Tsuji2 and Masayasu Kojima1,*

1Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0864; and 2Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +81-942-37-6313, Fax: +81-942-31-5212, E-mail: mkojima{at}lsi.kurume-u.ac.jp

Received May 27, 2009; Accepted July 6, 2009


  Abstract

Ghrelin was originally isolated from rat stomach as an endogenous ligand for the GH secretagogue receptor. The major active form of ghrelin is a 28-amino acid peptide modified by an n-octanoic acid on the serine 3 residue, and this lipid modification is essential for the biological activity of ghrelin. However, it is not clear whether prohormone convertase (PC) and ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) are the minimal requirements for synthesis of acyl-modified ghrelin in cultured cells. By using three cultured cell lines, TT, AtT20 and COS-7, in which the expression levels of processing proteases and GOAT vary, we examined the processing patterns of ghrelin precursor. We found that not only PC1/3 but also both PC2 and furin could process proghrelin to the 28-amino acid ghrelin. Moreover, the presence of PC and GOAT in the cells, as well as n-octanoic acid in the culture medium, was necessary to produce n-octanoyl ghrelin.

Key Words: acyl-modification, ghrelin, GOAT, n-octanoic acid, prohormone convertase

Abbreviations: ABC, avidin-biotinylated-peroxidase complex; C-RIA, carboxyl-terminal RIA; GHS-R, GH secretagogue receptor; GOAT, ghrelin O-acyltransferase; N-RIA, amino-terminal RIA; PC, prohormone convertase


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