J. Biochem, 1996, Vol. 119, No. 1 1-8
© 1996 Japanese Biochemical Society
review-article |
Galectins: A Family of Animal Lectins That Decipher Glycocodes
Teikyo University Sagamiko, Kanagawa 199-01
Galectins, animal lectins exhibiting specificity for galactosides, are now known to be widely distributed from lower invertebrates, such as sponges and nematodes, to higher vertebrates. The origin of the family can be traced back to the Precambrian era. They are classified into proto-, chimera-, and tandem-repeat types on the basis of protein architecture. The molecular functions of these types should be different because they can cross-link pairs of biomolecules of different combinations. Their biological significance, however, is not yet fully understood because they are involved in too many phenomena, such as differentiation, morphogenesis, metastasis, etc., and too many problems remain unsolved, such as those regarding their controversial cellular localization, mechanism of externaliza-tion, etc. Nevertheless, such difficulties seem to indicate their importance as household equipment and their common roles throughout the animal kingdom. They are likely to be responsible for recognizing the N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) structure, which is included in various glycoconjugates and considered to be an important glycocode, and then carry out appropriate tasks under given circumstances. Recently, crystallographic studies revealed that galectins and legume lectins such as concanavalin A have a common topology in spite of the absence of sequence homology. This suggests a possible relationship between animal and plant lectins, and the existence of a lectin super family. Studies on the galectin family are becoming increasingly important for glycobiology.
1The work done in our laboratory was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan, and grants from the Naito Foundation, the Kihara Memorial Yokohama Foundation for the Advancement of Life Sciences, and the Mitsubishi Foundation. 2256
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  T. Takeuchi, K. Nishiyama, K.-i. Sugiura, M. Takahashi, A. Yamada, S. Kobayashi, H. Takahashi, H. Natsugari, and K.-i. Kasai Caenorhabditis elegans galectins LEC-6 and LEC-1 recognize a chemically synthesized Gal{beta}1-4Fuc disaccharide unit which is present in Protostomia glycoconjugates Glycobiology, December 1, 2009; 19(12): 1503 - 1510. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. L Lee, J. J Kohler, and S. R Pfeffer Association of {beta}-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 and {beta}-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1, trans-Golgi enzymes involved in coupled poly-N-acetyllactosamine synthesis Glycobiology, June 1, 2009; 19(6): 655 - 664. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Saegusa, D. K. Hsu, H.-Y. Chen, L. Yu, A. Fermin, M. A. Fung, and F.-T. Liu Galectin-3 Is Critical for the Development of the Allergic Inflammatory Response in a Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis Am. J. Pathol., March 1, 2009; 174(3): 922 - 931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Renwrantz, A. Marquart, A. Mock, and E. Richards Molecular properties of the partially SDS-resistant lectin from the albumen gland of Helix pomatia and demonstration of lectin-related molecules on the surface of H. pomatia haemocytes J. Mollus. Stud., February 1, 2009; 75(1): 41 - 49. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Nagae, N. Nishi, T. Murata, T. Usui, T. Nakamura, S. Wakatsuki, and R. Kato Structural analysis of the recognition mechanism of poly-N-acetyllactosamine by the human galectin-9 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain Glycobiology, February 1, 2009; 19(2): 112 - 117. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Takeuchi, K. Hayama, J. Hirabayashi, and K.-i. Kasai Caenorhabditis elegans N-glycans containing a Gal-Fuc disaccharide unit linked to the innermost GlcNAc residue are recognized by C. elegans galectin LEC-6 Glycobiology, November 1, 2008; 18(11): 882 - 890. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Yamamoto, N. Nishi, H. Shoji, A. Itoh, L.-H. Lu, M. Hirashima, and T. Nakamura Induction of Cell Adhesion by Galectin-8 and its Target Molecules in Jurkat T-Cells J. Biochem., March 1, 2008; 143(3): 311 - 324. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Breuilh, F. Vanhoutte, J. Fontaine, C. M. W. van Stijn, I. Tillie-Leblond, M. Capron, C. Faveeuw, T. Jouault, I. van Die, P. Gosset, et al. Galectin-3 Modulates Immune and Inflammatory Responses during Helminthic Infection: Impact of Galectin-3 Deficiency on the Functions of Dendritic Cells Infect. Immun., November 1, 2007; 75(11): 5148 - 5157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Konno, T. Ogawa, T. Shirai, and K. Muramoto Reconstruction of a Probable Ancestral Form of Conger Eel Galectins Revealed Their Rapid Adaptive Evolution Process for Specific Carbohydrate Recognition Mol. Biol. Evol., November 1, 2007; 24(11): 2504 - 2514. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Demers, K. Biron-Pain, J. Hebert, A. Lamarre, T. Magnaldo, and Y. St-Pierre Galectin-7 in Lymphoma: Elevated Expression in Human Lymphoid Malignancies and Decreased Lymphoma Dissemination by Antisense Strategies in Experimental Model Cancer Res., March 15, 2007; 67(6): 2824 - 2829. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L.-H. Lu, R. Nakagawa, Y. Kashio, A. Ito, H. Shoji, N. Nishi, M. Hirashima, A. Yamauchi, and T. Nakamura Characterization of Galectin-9-Induced Death of Jurkat T Cells J. Biochem., February 1, 2007; 141(2): 157 - 172. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. S. Bernardes, N. M. Silva, L. P. Ruas, J. R. Mineo, A. M. Loyola, D. K. Hsu, F.-T. Liu, R. Chammas, and M. C. Roque-Barreira Toxoplasma gondii Infection Reveals a Novel Regulatory Role for Galectin-3 in the Interface of Innate and Adaptive Immunity Am. J. Pathol., June 1, 2006; 168(6): 1910 - 1920. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. C. Henderson, A. C. Mackinnon, S. L. Farnworth, F. Poirier, F. P. Russo, J. P. Iredale, C. Haslett, K. J. Simpson, and T. Sethi Galectin-3 regulates myofibroblast activation and hepatic fibrosis PNAS, March 28, 2006; 103(13): 5060 - 5065. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. S. Alge, S. G. Priglinger, D. Kook, H. Schmid, C. Haritoglou, U. Welge-Lussen, and A. Kampik Galectin-1 Influences Migration of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., January 1, 2006; 47(1): 415 - 426. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. M. Popovici, M. S. Krause, A. Germeyer, T. Strowitzki, and M. von Wolff Galectin-9: A New Endometrial Epithelial Marker for the Mid- and Late-Secretory and Decidual Phases in Humans J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2005; 90(11): 6170 - 6176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Shoji, K. Ikenaka, S.-i. Nakakita, K. Hayama, J. Hirabayashi, Y. Arata, K.-i. Kasai, N. Nishi, and T. Nakamura Xenopus galectin-VIIa binds N-glycans of members of the cortical granule lectin family (xCGL and xCGL2) Glycobiology, July 1, 2005; 15(7): 709 - 720. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. P.V. Shekhar, P. Nangia-Makker, L. Tait, F. Miller, and A. Raz Alterations in Galectin-3 Expression and Distribution Correlate with Breast Cancer Progression: Functional Analysis of Galectin-3 in Breast Epithelial-Endothelial Interactions Am. J. Pathol., December 1, 2004; 165(6): 1931 - 1941. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. I. Zuberi, D. K. Hsu, O. Kalayci, H.-Y. Chen, H. K. Sheldon, L. Yu, J. R. Apgar, T. Kawakami, C. M. Lilly, and F.-T. Liu Critical Role for Galectin-3 in Airway Inflammation and Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness in a Murine Model of Asthma Am. J. Pathol., December 1, 2004; 165(6): 2045 - 2053. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Y. Kleshchenko, T. N. Moody, V. A. Furtak, J. Ochieng, M. F. Lima, and F. Villalta Human Galectin-3 Promotes Trypanosoma cruzi Adhesion to Human Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells Infect. Immun., November 1, 2004; 72(11): 6717 - 6721. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Walzel, J. Brock, R. Pohland, J. Vanselow, W. Tomek, F. Schneider, and U. Tiemann Effects of galectin-1 on regulation of progesterone production in granulosa cells from pig ovaries in vitro Glycobiology, October 1, 2004; 14(10): 871 - 881. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Ahmad, H.-J. Gabius, S. Sabesan, S. Oscarson, and C. F. Brewer Thermodynamic binding studies of bivalent oligosaccharides to galectin-1, galectin-3, and the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3 Glycobiology, September 1, 2004; 14(9): 817 - 825. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Vray, I. Camby, V. Vercruysse, T. Mijatovic, N. V. Bovin, P. Ricciardi-Castagnoli, H. Kaltner, I. Salmon, H.-J. Gabius, and R. Kiss Up-regulation of galectin-3 and its ligands by Trypanosoma cruzi infection with modulation of adhesion and migration of murine dendritic cells Glycobiology, July 1, 2004; 14(7): 647 - 657. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Ahmad, H.-J. Gabius, S. Andre, H. Kaltner, S. Sabesan, R. Roy, B. Liu, F. Macaluso, and C. F. Brewer Galectin-3 Precipitates as a Pentamer with Synthetic Multivalent Carbohydrates and Forms Heterogeneous Cross-linked Complexes J. Biol. Chem., March 19, 2004; 279(12): 10841 - 10847. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Morris, N. Ahmad, S. Andre, H. Kaltner, H.-J. Gabius, M. Brenowitz, and F. Brewer Quaternary solution structures of galectins-1, -3, and -7 Glycobiology, March 1, 2004; 14(3): 293 - 300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Horie, T. Kadoya, N. Hikawa, K. Sango, H. Inoue, K. Takeshita, R. Asawa, T. Hiroi, M. Sato, T. Yoshioka, et al. Oxidized Galectin-1 Stimulates Macrophages to Promote Axonal Regeneration in Peripheral Nerves after Axotomy J. Neurosci., February 25, 2004; 24(8): 1873 - 1880. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Stowell, M. Dias-Baruffi, L. Penttila, O. Renkonen, A. K. Nyame, and R. D. Cummings Human galectin-1 recognition of poly-N-acetyllactosamine and chimeric polysaccharides Glycobiology, February 1, 2004; 14(2): 157 - 167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Tsutsui, S. Tasumi, H. Suetake, and Y. Suzuki Lectins Homologous to Those of Monocotyledonous Plants in the Skin Mucus and Intestine of Pufferfish, Fugu rubripes J. Biol. Chem., May 30, 2003; 278(23): 20882 - 20889. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Maeda, N. Kawada, S. Seki, T. Arakawa, K. Ikeda, H. Iwao, H. Okuyama, J. Hirabayashi, K.-i. Kasai, and K. Yoshizato Stimulation of Proliferation of Rat Hepatic Stellate Cells by Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 through Different Intracellular Signaling Pathways J. Biol. Chem., May 23, 2003; 278(21): 18938 - 18944. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Shoji, N. Nishi, M. Hirashima, and T. Nakamura Characterization of the Xenopus Galectin Family. THREE STRUCTURALLY DIFFERENT TYPES AS IN MAMMALS AND REGULATED EXPRESSION DURING EMBRYOGENESIS J. Biol. Chem., March 28, 2003; 278(14): 12285 - 12293. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Elad-Sfadia, R. Haklai, E. Ballan, H.-J. Gabius, and Y. Kloog Galectin-1 Augments Ras Activation and Diverts Ras Signals to Raf-1 at the Expense of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase J. Biol. Chem., September 27, 2002; 277(40): 37169 - 37175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Piantelli, S. Iacobelli, G. Almadori, M. Iezzi, N. Tinari, C. Natoli, G. Cadoni, L. Lauriola, and F. O. Ranelletti Lack of Expression of Galectin-3 Is Associated With a Poor Outcome in Node-Negative Patients With Laryngeal Squamous-Cell Carcinoma J. Clin. Oncol., September 15, 2002; 20(18): 3850 - 3856. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Tasumi, T. Ohira, I. Kawazoe, H. Suetake, Y. Suzuki, and K. Aida Primary Structure and Characteristics of a Lectin from Skin Mucus of the Japanese Eel Anguilla japonica J. Biol. Chem., July 19, 2002; 277(30): 27305 - 27311. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Ackerman, L. Liu, M. A. Kwatia, M. P. Savage, D. D. Leonidas, G. J. Swaminathan, and K. R. Acharya Charcot-Leyden Crystal Protein (Galectin-10) Is Not a Dual Function Galectin with Lysophospholipase Activity but Binds a Lysophospholipase Inhibitor in a Novel Structural Fashion J. Biol. Chem., April 19, 2002; 277(17): 14859 - 14868. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Dunphy, G. J. Barcham, R. J. Bischof, A. R. Young, A. Nash, and E. N. T. Meeusen Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Eosinophil-specific Galectin Released into the Lungs in Response to Allergen Challenge J. Biol. Chem., April 19, 2002; 277(17): 14916 - 14924. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Shoji, N. Nishi, M. Hirashima, and T. Nakamura Purification and cDNA cloning of Xenopus liver galectins and their expression Glycobiology, March 1, 2002; 12(3): 163 - 172. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. K. Song, T. R. Billiar, and Y. J. Lee Role of Galectin-3 in Breast Cancer Metastasis : Involvement of Nitric Oxide Am. J. Pathol., March 1, 2002; 160(3): 1069 - 1075. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Matsumoto, M. Hirashima, H. Kita, and G. J. Gleich Biological Activities of Ecalectin: A Novel Eosinophil-Activating Factor J. Immunol., February 15, 2002; 168(4): 1961 - 1967. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Kuwabara, Y. Kuwabara, R.-Y. Yang, M. Schuler, D. R. Green, B. L. Zuraw, D. K. Hsu, and F.-T. Liu Galectin-7 (PIG1) Exhibits Pro-apoptotic Function through JNK Activation and Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Release J. Biol. Chem., January 25, 2002; 277(5): 3487 - 3497. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Varki Six blind men and the elephant---the many faces of heparan sulfate PNAS, January 22, 2002; 99(2): 543 - 545. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. J. Lee and Y. K. Song Cooperative Interaction between Interleukin 10 and Galectin-3 against Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Clin. Cancer Res., January 1, 2002; 8(1): 217 - 220. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Visegrady, N. G. Than, F. Kilar, B. Sumegi, G. N. Than, and H. Bohn Homology modelling and molecular dynamics studies of human placental tissue protein 13 (galectin-13) Protein Eng. Des. Sel., November 1, 2001; 14(11): 875 - 880. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Zuniga, G. A. Rabinovich, M. M. Iglesias, and A. Gruppi Regulated expression of galectin-1 during B-cell activation and implications for T-cell apoptosis J. Leukoc. Biol., July 1, 2001; 70(1): 73 - 79. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. B. Dodd and K. Drickamer Lectin-like proteins in model organisms: implications for evolution of carbohydrate-binding activity Glycobiology, May 1, 2001; 11(5): 71R - 79R. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Solis, M. I.F. Lopez-Lucendo, S. Leon, J. Varela, and T. Diaz-Maurino Description of a monomeric prototype galectin from the lizard Podarcis hispanica Glycobiology, December 1, 2000; 10(12): 1325 - 1331. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. M. Barboni, S. Bawumia, K. Henrick, and R.C. Hughes Molecular modeling and mutagenesis studies of the N-terminal domains of galectin-3: evidence for participation with the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain in oligosaccharide binding Glycobiology, November 1, 2000; 10(11): 1201 - 1208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Sano, D. K. Hsu, L. Yu, J. R. Apgar, I. Kuwabara, T. Yamanaka, M. Hirashima, and F.-T. Liu Human Galectin-3 Is a Novel Chemoattractant for Monocytes and Macrophages J. Immunol., August 15, 2000; 165(4): 2156 - 2164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Fouillit, R. Joubert-Caron, F. Poirier, P. Bourin, E. Monostori, M. Levi-Strauss, M. Raphael, D. Bladier, and M. Caron Regulation of CD45-induced signaling by galectin-1 in Burkitt lymphoma B cells Glycobiology, April 1, 2000; 10(4): 413 - 419. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. K. Hsu, R.-Y. Yang, Z. Pan, L. Yu, D. R. Salomon, W.-P. Fung-Leung, and F.-T. Liu Targeted Disruption of the Galectin-3 Gene Results in Attenuated Peritoneal Inflammatory Responses Am. J. Pathol., March 1, 2000; 156(3): 1073 - 1083. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Horie, Y. Inagaki, Y. Sohma, R. Nozawa, K. Okawa, M. Hasegawa, N. Muramatsu, H. Kawano, M. Horie, H. Koyama, et al. Galectin-1 Regulates Initial Axonal Growth in Peripheral Nerves after Axotomy J. Neurosci., November 15, 1999; 19(22): 9964 - 9974. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Maldonado, L. F. Castagna, G. A. Rabinovich, and C. A. Landa Immunocytochemical Study of the Distribution of a 16-kDa Galectin in the Chicken Retina Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., November 1, 1999; 40(12): 2971 - 2977. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Wasano and Y. Hirakawa Two Domains of Rat Galectin-4 Bind to Distinct Structures of the Intercellular Borders of Colorectal Epithelia J. Histochem. Cytochem., January 1, 1999; 47(1): 75 - 82. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. T. Ogden, I. Nunes, K. Ko, S. Wu, C. S. Hines, A.-F. Wang, R. S. Hegde, and R. A. Lang GRIFIN, a Novel Lens-specific Protein Related to the Galectin Family J. Biol. Chem., October 30, 1998; 273(44): 28889 - 28896. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Teng-umnuay, H. R. Morris, A. Dell, M. Panico, T. Paxton, and C. M. West The Cytoplasmic F-box Binding Protein SKP1 Contains a Novel Pentasaccharide Linked to Hydroxyproline in Dictyostelium J. Biol. Chem., July 17, 1998; 273(29): 18242 - 18249. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Hirabayashi, S. K. Dutta, and K.-i. Kasai Novel Galactose-binding Proteins in Annelida. CHARACTERIZATION OF 29-kDa TANDEM REPEAT-TYPE LECTINS FROM THE EARTHWORM LUMBRICUS TERRESTRIS J. Biol. Chem., June 5, 1998; 273(23): 14450 - 14460. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. A. Rabinovich, M. M. Iglesias, N. M. Modesti, L. F. Castagna, C. Wolfenstein-Todel, C. M. Riera, and C. E. Sotomayor Activated Rat Macrophages Produce a Galectin-1-Like Protein That Induces Apoptosis of T Cells: Biochemical and Functional Characterization J. Immunol., May 15, 1998; 160(10): 4831 - 4840. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Kopitz, C. von Reitzenstein, M. Burchert, M. Cantz, and H.-J. Gabius Galectin-1 Is a Major Receptor for Ganglioside GM1, a Product of the Growth-controlling Activity of a Cell Surface Ganglioside Sialidase, on Human Neuroblastoma Cells in Culture J. Biol. Chem., May 1, 1998; 273(18): 11205 - 11211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Arata, J. Hirabayashi, and K.-i. Kasai Structure of the 32-kDa Galectin Gene of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans J. Biol. Chem., October 17, 1997; 272(42): 26669 - 26677. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Wasano and Y. Hirakawa Recombinant Galectin-1 Recognizes Mucin and Epithelial Cell Surface Glycocalyces of Gastrointestinal Tract J. Histochem. Cytochem., February 1, 1997; 45(2): 275 - 284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Ahmed, J. Pohl, N. E. Fink, F. Strobel, and G. R. Vasta The Primary Structure and Carbohydrate Specificity of a beta -Galactosyl-binding Lectin from Toad (Bufo arenarum Hensel) Ovary Reveal Closer Similarities to the Mammalian Galectin-1 than to the Galectin from the Clawed Frog Xenopus laevis J. Biol. Chem., December 20, 1996; 271(51): 33083 - 33094. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. B. Miarons and M. Fresno Lectins from Tropical Sponges. PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LECTINS FROM GENUS APLYSINA J. Biol. Chem., September 15, 2000; 275(38): 29283 - 29289. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Dunphy, A. Balic, G. J. Barcham, A. J. Horvath, A. D. Nash, and E. N. T. Meeusen Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Inducible Mammalian Galectin J. Biol. Chem., October 6, 2000; 275(41): 32106 - 32113. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Mazurek, J. Conklin, J. C. Byrd, A. Raz, and R. S. Bresalier Phosphorylation of the beta -Galactoside-binding Protein Galectin-3 Modulates Binding to Its Ligands J. Biol. Chem., November 10, 2000; 275(46): 36311 - 36315. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Arata, J. Hirabayashi, and K.-i. Kasai Sugar Binding Properties of the Two Lectin Domains of the Tandem Repeat-type Galectin LEC-1 (N32) of Caenorhabditis elegans. DETAILED ANALYSIS BY AN IMPROVED FRONTAL AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD J. Biol. Chem., January 26, 2001; 276(5): 3068 - 3077. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R.-Y. Yang, D. K. Hsu, L. Yu, J. Ni, and F.-T. Liu Cell Cycle Regulation by Galectin-12, a New Member of the Galectin Superfamily J. Biol. Chem., June 1, 2001; 276(23): 20252 - 20260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|