J. Biochem, 1996, Vol. 120, No. 2 215-228
© 1996 Japanese Biochemical Society
review-article |
The Small GTPase Rho: Cellular Functions and Signal Transduction
Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606
1Fax: +81-75-753-4693
Rho, a Ras homologue of small GTPase, is present from yeast to mammals. It shuttles between the active GTP-bound form and the inactive GDP-bound form and works as a switch in stimulus-evoked cell adhesion and motility, enhancement of contractile responses, and cytokinesis. In these actions, Rho directs the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton at a specific time and at a specific site in the cell. It also activates serum response factor possibly via a kinase cascade and mediates a growth signal to nuclei. Two signalling processes are known to lead to Rho activation: one is activation of certain types of G-protein-coupled receptors such as lysophosphatidic acid receptor, and the other is activation of other small GTPases including Ras, CDC42, and Rac. Molecules catalyzing the GDP-GTP exchange of Rho, Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Rho GEF), and those catalyzing the acceleration of GTP hydrolysis, Rho GTPase activating proteins (Rho GAP), were identified as Dbl- and Bcr-containing molecules, respectively. In addition, a molecule inhibiting guanine nucleotide exchange of Rho, Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (Rho-GDI), was isolated and characterized. More recently, putative Rho targets possibly mediating various Rho actions have been identified by their selective interaction with GTP-bound Rho. They include lipid kinases such as phosphatidyl-inositol-5-kinase and protein serine/threonine kinases such as PKN and pl60ROCK. A model of the molecular mechanism of action of Rho constructed on the basis of these findings is presented. There are, however, still many unclarified links between cell stimulation, Rho activation and final Rho actions.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. Kobayashi, Y. Tanoue, M. Eto, H. Baba, S. Kimura, S. Oda, K. Taniguchi, and R. Tominaga A Rho-kinase inhibitor improves cardiac function after 24-hour heart preservation. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., December 1, 2008; 136(6): 1586 - 1592. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Kondoh, Y. Nakata, T. Yamaoka, M. Itakura, M. Hayashi, K. Yamada, J.-i. Hata, and T. Yamada Altered cellular immunity in transgenic mice with T cell-specific expression of human D4-guanine diphosphate-dissociation inhibitor (D4-GDI) Int. Immunol., October 1, 2008; 20(10): 1299 - 1311. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Kabir-Salmani, M. N. Fukuda, M. Kanai-Azuma, N. Ahmed, S. Shiokawa, Y. Akimoto, K. Sakai, S. Nagamori, Y. Kanai, K. Sugihara, et al. The Membrane-Spanning Domain of CD98 Heavy Chain Promotes {alpha}v{beta}3 Integrin Signals in Human Extravillous Trophoblasts Mol. Endocrinol., March 1, 2008; 22(3): 707 - 715. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Tanihara, M. Inatani, M. Honjo, H. Tokushige, J. Azuma, and M. Araie Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Effects and Safety of Topical Administration of a Selective ROCK Inhibitor, SNJ-1656, in Healthy Volunteers Arch Ophthalmol, March 1, 2008; 126(3): 309 - 315. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Rattan and C. A. Patel Selectivity of ROCK inhibitors in the spontaneously tonic smooth muscle Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, March 1, 2008; 294(3): G687 - G693. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Rivera, M. P. Ocaranza, S. Lavandero, and J. E. Jalil Rho Kinase Activation and Gene Expression Related to Vascular Remodeling in Normotensive Rats With High Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme Levels Hypertension, October 1, 2007; 50(4): 792 - 798. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Tokushige, M. Inatani, S. Nemoto, H. Sakaki, K. Katayama, M. Uehata, and H. Tanihara Effects of Topical Administration of Y-39983, a Selective Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Inhibitor, on Ocular Tissues in Rabbits and Monkeys Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., July 1, 2007; 48(7): 3216 - 3222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Ozawa and H. Kobori Crucial role of Rho-nuclear factor-{kappa}B axis in angiotensin II-induced renal injury Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, July 1, 2007; 293(1): F100 - F109. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Abe, K. Ono, T. Kawamura, H. Wada, T. Kita, A. Shimatsu, and K. Hasegawa Leptin induces elongation of cardiac myocytes and causes eccentric left ventricular dilatation with compensation Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2007; 292(5): H2387 - H2396. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Sterpetti, L. Marucci, C. Candelaresi, D. Toksoz, G. Alpini, L. Ugili, G. S. Baroni, G. Macarri, and A. Benedetti Cell proliferation and drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma are modulated by Rho GTPase signals Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, April 1, 2006; 290(4): G624 - G632. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Noma, N. Oyama, and J. K. Liao Physiological role of ROCKs in the cardiovascular system Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, March 1, 2006; 290(3): C661 - C668. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Hakuma, I. Kinoshita, Y. Shimizu, K. Yamazaki, K. Yoshida, M. Nishimura, and H. Dosaka-Akita E1AF/PEA3 Activates the Rho/Rho-Associated Kinase Pathway to Increase the Malignancy Potential of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells Cancer Res., December 1, 2005; 65(23): 10776 - 10782. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Mutoh, K. Nakano, and I. Mabuchi Rho1-GEFs Rgf1 and Rgf2 are involved in formation of cell wall and septum, while Rgf3 is involved in cytokinesis in fission yeast Genes Cells, December 1, 2005; 10(12): 1189 - 1202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Emoto, H. Inadome, Y. Kanaho, S. Narumiya, and M. Umeda Local Change in Phospholipid Composition at the Cleavage Furrow Is Essential for Completion of Cytokinesis J. Biol. Chem., November 11, 2005; 280(45): 37901 - 37907. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Shimokawa and A. Takeshita Rho-Kinase Is an Important Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Medicine Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 2005; 25(9): 1767 - 1775. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Bi and J. A. Williams A role for Rho and Rac in secretagogue-induced amylase release by pancreatic acini Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, July 1, 2005; 289(1): C22 - C32. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. L. Gower, M. K. Pastey, M. E. Peeples, P. L. Collins, L. H. McCurdy, T. K. Hart, A. Guth, T. R. Johnson, and B. S. Graham RhoA Signaling Is Required for Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Induced Syncytium Formation and Filamentous Virion Morphology J. Virol., May 1, 2005; 79(9): 5326 - 5336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Shimizu, D. Thumkeo, J. Keel, T. Ishizaki, H. Oshima, M. Oshima, Y. Noda, F. Matsumura, M. M. Taketo, and S. Narumiya ROCK-I regulates closure of the eyelids and ventral body wall by inducing assembly of actomyosin bundles J. Cell Biol., March 14, 2005; 168(6): 941 - 953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-E. Kim, D. D. Billadeau, and J. Chen The Tandem BRCT Domains of Ect2 Are Required for Both Negative and Positive Regulation of Ect2 in Cytokinesis J. Biol. Chem., February 18, 2005; 280(7): 5733 - 5739. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Bryan, V. Kumar, L. J. Stafford, Y. Cai, G. Wu, and M. Liu GEFT, A Rho Family Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor, Regulates Neurite Outgrowth and Dendritic Spine Formation J. Biol. Chem., October 29, 2004; 279(44): 45824 - 45832. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. K. Harvey, S. C. Anderson, and N. SundarRaj Downstream Effects of ROCK Signaling in Cultured Human Corneal Stromal Cells: Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., July 1, 2004; 45(7): 2168 - 2176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. Equils, Z. Madak, C. Liu, K. S. Michelsen, Y. Bulut, and D. Lu Rac1 and Toll-IL-1 Receptor Domain-Containing Adapter Protein Mediate Toll-Like Receptor 4 Induction of HIV-Long Terminal Repeat J. Immunol., June 15, 2004; 172(12): 7642 - 7646. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Abe, H. Shimokawa, K. Morikawa, T. Uwatoku, K. Oi, Y. Matsumoto, T. Hattori, Y. Nakashima, K. Kaibuchi, K. Sueishi, et al. Long-Term Treatment With a Rho-Kinase Inhibitor Improves Monocrotaline-Induced Fatal Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats Circ. Res., February 20, 2004; 94(3): 385 - 393. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Bao, E. Hu, L. Tao, R. Boyce, R. Mirabile, D. T Thudium, X.-l. Ma, R. N Willette, and T.-l. Yue Inhibition of Rho-kinase protects the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury Cardiovasc Res, February 15, 2004; 61(3): 548 - 558. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Ikeda, K. Nagashima, M. Yanase, T. Tomiya, M. Arai, Y. Inoue, K. Tejima, T. Nishikawa, M. Omata, S. Kimura, et al. Involvement of Rho/Rho kinase pathway in regulation of apoptosis in rat hepatic stellate cells Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, November 1, 2003; 285(5): G880 - G886. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Rattan, R. N. Puri, and Y.-P. Fan Involvement of Rho and Rho-Associated Kinase in Sphincteric Smooth Muscle Contraction by Angiotensin II Experimental Biology and Medicine, September 1, 2003; 228(8): 972 - 981. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Hirota, K. Tanaka, K. Ohta, and M. Yamamoto Gef1p and Scd1p, the Two GDP-GTP Exchange Factors for Cdc42p, Form a Ring Structure that Shrinks during Cytokinesis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe Mol. Biol. Cell, September 1, 2003; 14(9): 3617 - 3627. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Yoshizaki, Y. Ohba, K. Kurokawa, R. E. Itoh, T. Nakamura, N. Mochizuki, K. Nagashima, and M. Matsuda Activity of Rho-family GTPases during cell division as visualized with FRET-based probes J. Cell Biol., July 21, 2003; 162(2): 223 - 232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. E. Bar, A. T. Ellicott, and D. E. Stone G{beta}{gamma} Recruits Rho1 to the Site of Polarized Growth during Mating in Budding Yeast J. Biol. Chem., June 6, 2003; 278(24): 21798 - 21804. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Noma, Y. Higashi, D. Jitsuiki, K. Hara, M. Kimura, K. Nakagawa, C. Goto, T. Oshima, M. Yoshizumi, and K. Chayama Smoking Activates Rho-Kinase in Smooth Muscle Cells of Forearm Vasculature in Humans Hypertension, May 1, 2003; 41(5): 1102 - 1105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. R. Magie, D. Pinto-Santini, and S. M. Parkhurst Rho1 interacts with p120ctn and {alpha}-catenin, and regulates cadherin-based adherens junction components in Drosophila Development, March 10, 2003; 129(16): 3771 - 3782. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. H. McCurdy and B. S. Graham Role of Plasma Membrane Lipid Microdomains in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Filament Formation J. Virol., February 1, 2003; 77(3): 1747 - 1756. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Shiokawa, M. Iwashita, Y. Akimoto, S. Nagamatsu, K. Sakai, H. Hanashi, M. Kabir-Salmani, Y. Nakamura, M. Uehata, and Y. Yoshimura Small Guanosine Triphospatase RhoA and Rho-Associated Kinase as Regulators of Trophoblast Migration J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2002; 87(12): 5808 - 5816. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Bug, T. Rossmanith, R. Henschler, L.A. Kunz-Schughart, B. Schroder, M. Kampfmann, M. Kreutz, D. Hoelzer, and O. G. Ottmann Rho family small GTPases control migration of hematopoietic progenitor cells into multicellular spheroids of bone marrow stroma cells J. Leukoc. Biol., October 1, 2002; 72(4): 837 - 845. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Wang, M. Eto, W. D. Steers, A. P. Somlyo, and A. V. Somlyo RhoA-mediated Ca2+ Sensitization in Erectile Function J. Biol. Chem., August 16, 2002; 277(34): 30614 - 30621. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. Papakonstanti and C. Stournaras Association of PI-3 Kinase with PAK1 Leads to Actin Phosphorylation and Cytoskeletal Reorganization Mol. Biol. Cell, August 1, 2002; 13(8): 2946 - 2962. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Tsuji, T. Ishizaki, M. Okamoto, C. Higashida, K. Kimura, T. Furuyashiki, Y. Arakawa, R. B. Birge, T. Nakamoto, H. Hirai, et al. ROCK and mDia1 antagonize in Rho-dependent Rac activation in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts J. Cell Biol., May 28, 2002; 157(5): 819 - 830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Fujikawa, Y. Inoue, M. Sakai, Y. Koyama, S. Nishi, R. Funada, F. W. Alt, and W. Swat Vav3 is regulated during the cell cycle and effects cell division PNAS, April 2, 2002; 99(7): 4313 - 4318. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Krebs, M. Rothkegel, M. Klar, and B. M. Jockusch Characterization of functional domains of mDia1, a link between the small GTPase Rho and the actin cytoskeleton J. Cell Sci., March 12, 2002; 114(20): 3663 - 3672. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Eda, S. Yonemura, T. Kato, N. Watanabe, T. Ishizaki, P. Madaule, and S. Narumiya Rho-dependent transfer of Citron-kinase to the cleavage furrow of dividing cells J. Cell Sci., March 11, 2002; 114(18): 3273 - 3284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Burnstock Purinergic Signaling and Vascular Cell Proliferation and Death Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 2002; 22(3): 364 - 373. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Kataoka, K. Egashira, S. Inoue, M. Takemoto, W. Ni, M. Koyanagi, S. Kitamoto, M. Usui, K. Kaibuchi, H. Shimokawa, et al. Important Role of Rho-kinase in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Inflammation and Remodeling Induced by Long-Term Blockade of Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Rats Hypertension, February 1, 2002; 39(2): 245 - 250. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Nakano, J. Imai, R. Arai, A. Toh-e, Y. Matsui, and I. Mabuchi The small GTPase Rho3 and the diaphanous/formin For3 function in polarized cell growth in fission yeast J. Cell Sci., January 12, 2002; 115(23): 4629 - 4639. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L E Kernochan, B N Tran, P Tangkijvanich, A C Melton, S P Tam, and H F Yee Jr Endothelin-1 stimulates human colonic myofibroblast contraction and migration Gut, January 1, 2002; 50(1): 65 - 70. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Satoh and T. Tominaga mDia-interacting Protein Acts Downstream of Rho-mDia and Modifies Src Activation and Stress Fiber Formation J. Biol. Chem., October 12, 2001; 276(42): 39290 - 39294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Ronald, C. V. Ionescu, K. A. Rogers, and M. Sandig Differential regulation of transendothelial migration of THP-1 cells by ICAM-1/LFA-1 and VCAM-1/VLA-4 J. Leukoc. Biol., October 1, 2001; 70(4): 601 - 609. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Lavelin, N. Meiri, O. Genina, R. Alexiev, and M. Pines Na+-K+-ATPase gene expression in the avian eggshell gland: distinct regulation in different cell types Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2001; 281(4): R1169 - R1176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Aznar, P. F. Valeron, S. V. del Rincon, L. F. Perez, R. Perona, and J. C. Lacal Simultaneous Tyrosine and Serine Phosphorylation of STAT3 Transcription Factor Is Involved in Rho A GTPase Oncogenic Transformation Mol. Biol. Cell, October 1, 2001; 12(10): 3282 - 3294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. HEUSINGER-RIBEIRO, M. EBERLEIN, N. A. WAHAB, and M. GOPPELT-STRUEBE Expression of Connective Tissue Growth Factor in Human Renal Fibroblasts: Regulatory Roles of RhoA and cAMP J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., September 1, 2001; 12(9): 1853 - 1861. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Zong, K. Kaibuchi, and L. A. Quilliam The Insert Region of RhoA Is Essential for Rho Kinase Activation and Cellular Transformation Mol. Cell. Biol., August 15, 2001; 21(16): 5287 - 5298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Honjo, M. Inatani, N. Kido, T. Sawamura, B. Y.-J. T. Yue, Y. Honda, and H. Tanihara Effects of Protein Kinase Inhibitor, HA1077, on Intraocular Pressure and Outflow Facility in Rabbit Eyes Arch Ophthalmol, August 1, 2001; 119(8): 1171 - 1178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Shimokawa, K. Morishige, K. Miyata, T. Kandabashi, Y. Eto, I. Ikegaki, T. Asano, K. Kaibuchi, and A. Takeshita Long-term inhibition of Rho-kinase induces a regression of arteriosclerotic coronary lesions in a porcine model in vivo Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 2001; 51(1): 169 - 177. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Watanabe, M. Ito, Y. Kataoka, H. Wada, M. Koyama, J. Feng, H. Shiku, and M. Nishikawa Protein kinase C-catalyzed phosphorylation of an inhibitory phosphoprotein of myosin phosphatase is involved in human platelet secretion Blood, June 15, 2001; 97(12): 3798 - 3805. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. L. Gower and B. S. Graham Antiviral Activity of Lovastatin against Respiratory Syncytial Virus In Vivo and In Vitro Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., April 1, 2001; 45(4): 1231 - 1237. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. C. Anderson and N. SundarRaj Regulation of a Rho-Associated Kinase Expression during the Corneal Epithelial Cell Cycle Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., April 1, 2001; 42(5): 933 - 940. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Nakamura, T. Nagano, T.-i. Chikama, and T. Nishida Role of the Small GTP-Binding Protein Rho in Epithelial Cell Migration in the Rabbit Cornea Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., April 1, 2001; 42(5): 941 - 947. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Morishige, H. Shimokawa, Y. Eto, T. Kandabashi, K. Miyata, Y. Matsumoto, M. Hoshijima, K. Kaibuchi, and A. Takeshita Adenovirus-Mediated Transfer of Dominant-Negative Rho-Kinase Induces a Regression of Coronary Arteriosclerosis in Pigs In Vivo Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2001; 21(4): 548 - 554. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Honjo, H. Tanihara, M. Inatani, N. Kido, T. Sawamura, B. Y. J. T. Yue, S. Narumiya, and Y. Honda Effects of Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Inhibitor Y-27632 on Intraocular Pressure and Outflow Facility Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., January 1, 2001; 42(1): 137 - 144. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. P. v. N. Amerongen, M. A. Vermeer, and V. W. M. van Hinsbergh Role of RhoA and Rho Kinase in Lysophosphatidic Acid-Induced Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 2000; 20 (12): e127 - e133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Miyata, H. Shimokawa, T. Kandabashi, T. Higo, K. Morishige, Y. Eto, K. Egashira, K. Kaibuchi, and A. Takeshita Rho-Kinase Is Involved in Macrophage-Mediated Formation of Coronary Vascular Lesions in Pigs In Vivo Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2000; 20(11): 2351 - 2358. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Ikeda, Y. Yatomi, M. Yanase, H. Satoh, H. Maekawa, I. Ogata, Y. Ozaki, Y. Takuwa, S. Mochida, and K. Fujiwara Biological activities of novel lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate in rat hepatic stellate cells Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, August 1, 2000; 279(2): G304 - G310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Y. Nakayama, M. B. Harms, and L. Luo Small GTPases Rac and Rho in the Maintenance of Dendritic Spines and Branches in Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons J. Neurosci., July 15, 2000; 20(14): 5329 - 5338. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Sauzeau, H. le Jeune, C. Cario-Toumaniantz, N. Vaillant, A.-P. Gadeau, C. Desgranges, E. Scalbert, P. Chardin, P. Pacaud, and G. Loirand P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y6 receptors are coupled to Rho and Rho kinase activation in vascular myocytes Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2000; 278(6): H1751 - H1761. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Ishizaki, M. Uehata, I. Tamechika, J. Keel, K. Nonomura, M. Maekawa, and S. Narumiya Pharmacological Properties of Y-27632, a Specific Inhibitor of Rho-Associated Kinases Mol. Pharmacol., May 1, 2000; 57(5): 976 - 983. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Chiarugi, P. Cirri, L. Taddei, E. Giannoni, G. Camici, G. Manao, G. Raugei, and G. Ramponi The Low Mr Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase Is Involved in Rho-mediated Cytoskeleton Rearrangement after Integrin and Platelet-derived Growth Factor Stimulation J. Biol. Chem., February 18, 2000; 275(7): 4640 - 4646. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. P Somlyo and A. V Somlyo Signal transduction by G-proteins, Rho-kinase and protein phosphatase to smooth muscle and non-muscle myosin II J. Physiol., January 15, 2000; 522(2): 177 - 185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Lerm, G. Schmidt, U.-M. Goehring, J. Schirmer, and K. Aktories Identification of the Region of Rho Involved in Substrate Recognition by Escherichia coli Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 (CNF1) J. Biol. Chem., October 8, 1999; 274(41): 28999 - 29004. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Genth, K. Aktories, and I. Just Monoglucosylation of RhoA at Threonine 37 Blocks Cytosol-Membrane Cycling J. Biol. Chem., October 8, 1999; 274(41): 29050 - 29056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Majumdar, T. M. Seasholtz, C. Buckmaster, D. Toksoz, and J. H. Brown A Rho Exchange Factor Mediates Thrombin and Galpha 12-induced Cytoskeletal Responses J. Biol. Chem., September 17, 1999; 274(38): 26815 - 26821. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. K. Pastey, J. E. Crowe Jr., and B. S. Graham RhoA Interacts with the Fusion Glycoprotein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Facilitates Virus-Induced Syncytium Formation J. Virol., September 1, 1999; 73(9): 7262 - 7270. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Maekawa, T. Ishizaki, S. Boku, N. Watanabe, A. Fujita, A. Iwamatsu, T. Obinata, K. Ohashi, K. Mizuno, and S. Narumiya Signaling from Rho to the Actin Cytoskeleton Through Protein Kinases ROCK and LIM-kinase Science, August 6, 1999; 285(5429): 895 - 898. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Hasegawa, H. Fujita, H. Katoh, J. Aoki, K. Nakamura, A. Ichikawa, and M. Negishi Opposite Regulation of Transepithelial Electrical Resistance and Paracellular Permeability by Rho in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells J. Biol. Chem., July 23, 1999; 274(30): 20982 - 20988. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Akasaki, H. Koga, and H. Sumimoto Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-dependent and -independent Activation of the Small GTPase Rac2 in Human Neutrophils J. Biol. Chem., June 18, 1999; 274(25): 18055 - 18059. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. E. Turner, M. C. Brown, J. A. Perrotta, M.C. Riedy, S. N. Nikolopoulos, A. R. McDonald, S. Bagrodia, S. Thomas, and P. S. Leventhal Paxillin LD4 Motif Binds PAK and PIX through a Novel 95-kD Ankyrin Repeat, ARF-GAP Protein: A Role in Cytoskeletal Remodeling J. Cell Biol., May 17, 1999; 145(4): 851 - 863. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Suzuki, M. Yamamoto, H. Wada, M. Ito, T. Nakano, Y. Sasaki, S. Narumiya, H. Shiku, and M. Nishikawa Agonist-Induced Regulation of Myosin Phosphatase Activity in Human Platelets Through Activation of Rho-Kinase Blood, May 15, 1999; 93(10): 3408 - 3417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Arnould, L. Sellin, T. Benzing, L. Tsiokas, H. T. Cohen, E. Kim, and G. Walz Cellular Activation Triggered by the Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Gene Product PKD2 Mol. Cell. Biol., May 1, 1999; 19(5): 3423 - 3434. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Yoshioka, S. Nakamori, and K. Itoh Overexpression of Small GTP-binding Protein RhoA Promotes Invasion of Tumor Cells Cancer Res., April 1, 1999; 59(8): 2004 - 2010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Montaner, R. Perona, L. Saniger, and J. C. Lacal Activation of Serum Response Factor by RhoA Is Mediated by the Nuclear Factor-kappa B and C/EBP Transcription Factors J. Biol. Chem., March 26, 1999; 274(13): 8506 - 8515. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Aikawa, I. Komuro, T. Yamazaki, Y. Zou, S. Kudoh, W. Zhu, T. Kadowaki, and Y. Yazaki Rho Family Small G Proteins Play Critical Roles in Mechanical Stress–Induced Hypertrophic Responses in Cardiac Myocytes Circ. Res., March 5, 1999; 84(4): 458 - 466. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Fukuhara, C. Murga, M. Zohar, T. Igishi, and J. S. Gutkind A Novel PDZ Domain Containing Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Links Heterotrimeric G Proteins to Rho J. Biol. Chem., February 26, 1999; 274(9): 5868 - 5879. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Zong, N. Raman, L. A. Mickelson-Young, S. J. Atkinson, and L. A. Quilliam Loop 6 of RhoA Confers Specificity for Effector Binding, Stress Fiber Formation, and Cellular Transformation J. Biol. Chem., February 19, 1999; 274(8): 4551 - 4560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Hu, C. J. Bellone, and J. J. Baldassare RhoA Stimulates p27Kip Degradation through Its Regulation of Cyclin E/CDK2 Activity J. Biol. Chem., February 5, 1999; 274(6): 3396 - 3401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. B. O'Connell, S. P. Wheatley, S. Ahmed, and Y.-l. Wang The Small GTP-binding Protein Rho Regulates Cortical Activities in Cultured Cells during Division J. Cell Biol., January 25, 1999; 144(2): 305 - 313. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Furuyashiki, K. Fujisawa, A. Fujita, P. Madaule, S. Uchino, M. Mishina, H. Bito, and S. Narumiya Citron, a Rho-Target, Interacts with PSD-95/SAP-90 at Glutamatergic Synapses in the Thalamus J. Neurosci., January 1, 1999; 19(1): 109 - 118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. P. Ciesla Jr. and D. A. Bobak Clostridium difficile Toxins A and B Are Cation-dependent UDP-glucose Hydrolases with Differing Catalytic Activities J. Biol. Chem., June 26, 1998; 273(26): 16021 - 16026. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. E. Aplin, A. Howe, S. K. Alahari, and R. L. Juliano Signal Transduction and Signal Modulation by Cell Adhesion Receptors: The Role of Integrins, Cadherins, Immunoglobulin-Cell Adhesion Molecules, and Selectins Pharmacol. Rev., June 1, 1998; 50(2): 197 - 264. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Leng, H. Kashiwagi, X.-D. Ren, and S. J. Shattil RhoA and the Function of Platelet Integrin alpha IIbbeta 3 Blood, June 1, 1998; 91(11): 4206 - 4215. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Schmidt, J. Selzer, M. Lerm, and K. Aktories The Rho-deamidating Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 from Escherichia coli Possesses Transglutaminase Activity. CYSTEINE 866 AND HISTIDINE 881 ARE ESSENTIAL FOR ENZYME ACTIVITY J. Biol. Chem., May 29, 1998; 273(22): 13669 - 13674. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Montaner, R. Perona, L. Saniger, and J. C. Lacal Multiple Signalling Pathways Lead to the Activation of the Nuclear Factor kappa B by the Rho Family of GTPases J. Biol. Chem., May 22, 1998; 273(21): 12779 - 12785. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Ihara, S. Muraguchi, M. Kato, T. Shimizu, M. Shirakawa, S. Kuroda, K. Kaibuchi, and T. Hakoshima Crystal Structure of Human RhoA in a Dominantly Active Form Complexed with a GTP Analogue J. Biol. Chem., April 17, 1998; 273(16): 9656 - 9666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Arnould, E. Kim, L. Tsiokas, F. Jochimsen, W. Gruning, J. D. Chang, and G. Walz The Polycystic Kidney Disease 1 Gene Product Mediates Protein Kinase C alpha -dependent and c-Jun N-terminal Kinase-dependent Activation of the Transcription Factor AP-1 J. Biol. Chem., March 13, 1998; 273(11): 6013 - 6018. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Yoshioka, F. Matsumura, H. Akedo, and K. Itoh Small GTP-binding Protein Rho Stimulates the Actomyosin System, Leading to Invasion of Tumor Cells J. Biol. Chem., February 27, 1998; 273(9): 5146 - 5154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Hoyt, A. A. Hyman, and M. Bahler Motor proteins of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton PNAS, November 25, 1997; 94(24): 12747 - 12748. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Luo, T. Lee, L. Tsai, G. Tang, L. Y. Jan, and Y. N. Jan Genghis Khan (Gek) as a putative effector for Drosophila Cdc42 and regulator of actin polymerization PNAS, November 25, 1997; 94(24): 12963 - 12968. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Nakai, Y. Suzuki, H. Kihira, H. Wada, M. Fujioka, M. Ito, T. Nakano, K. Kaibuchi, H. Shiku, and M. Nishikawa Regulation of Myosin Phosphatase Through Phosphorylation of the Myosin-Binding Subunit in Platelet Activation Blood, November 15, 1997; 90(10): 3936 - 3942. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|