J. Biochem, 2003, Vol. 134, No. 3 309-313
© 2003 Japanese Biochemical Society
JB MINIREVIEWS |
Regulation of Actin Dynamics by WASP Family Proteins
Division of 1 Cancer Genomics and 2 Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai 4-6-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639; and 3 PRESTO and 4 CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation
ABSTRACT
Rapid reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton underlies morphological changes and motility of cells. WASP family proteins have received a great deal of attention as the signal-regulated molecular switches that initiate actin polymerization. The first member, WASP, was identified as the product of a gene of which dysfunction causes the human hereditary disease Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. There are now five members in this protein family, namely WASP, N-WASP, WAVE/Scar1, 2, and 3. WASP and N-WASP have functional and physical associations with Cdc42, a Rho family small GTPase involved in filopodium formation. In contrast, there is evidence that links the WAVE/Scar proteins with another Rho family protein, Rac, which is a regulator of membrane ruffling. All WASP family members have a VCA domain at the C-terminus through which Arp2/3 complex is activated to nucleate actin polymerization. Analyses of model organisms have just begun to reveal unexpected functions of WASP family proteins in multicellular organisms.
FOOTNOTES
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Division of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo. Tel: +81-3-5449-5510, Fax: +81-3-5449-5417, E-mail: takenawa{at}ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp
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