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Journal of Biochemistry 2006 139(3):575-582; doi:10.1093/jb/mvj052
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© 2006 The Japanese Biochemical Society.

Regular Paper

Roles of Adjoining Asp and Cys Residues of First Matrix-Facing Loop in Transport Activity of Yeast and Bovine Mitochondrial ADP/ATP Carriers

Yoshitaka Kihira1, Mitsuru Hashimoto2, Yasuo Shinohara3,4, Eiji Majima5 and Hiroshi Terada6,*

1 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194; 2 Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1, Oe-Honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973; 3 Institute for Genome Research, University of Tokushima, 3, Kuramotocho, Tokushima 770-8503; 4 Single-Molecule Bioanalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14, Hayashicho, Takamatsu 761-0395; 5 APRO Life Science Institute, Inc., Muyacho, Naruto 772-0001; and 6 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +81-4-7121-3663, Fax: +81-4-7121-3782, E-mail: teradah{at}rs.noda.tus.ac.jp

The mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier (AAC) transports substrate by interconversion of its conformation between m- and c-states. The 1st loop facing the matrix (LM1) is extruded into the matrix in the m-state and is suggested to intrude into the mitochondrial membrane on conversion to the c-state conformation [Hashimoto, M., Majima, E., Goto, S., Shinohara, Y., and Terada, H. (1999) Biochemistry 38, 1050–1056]. To elucidate the mechanism of the translocation of LM1, we examined the effects of site-directed mutagenesis of two adjoining residues, Cys56 and Asp55 in the bovine type 1 AAC and Cys73 and Asp72 in the yeast type 2 AAC, on the substrate transport activity. We found that (i) replacement of the Cys by bulky and hydrophilic residues was unfavorable for efficient transport activity, (ii) the carboxyl groups of the Asp residues of the bovine and yeast AACs were essential and strictly position-specific, and (iii) hence, the mutation to Glu showed transport activity comparable to that of the native AACs. Based on these results, we discussed the functional role of LM1 in the transport activity of AAC.


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