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Journal of Biochemistry Advance Access originally published online on November 4, 2007
Journal of Biochemistry 2008 143(2):207-216; doi:10.1093/jb/mvm210
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© 2007 The Japanese Biochemical Society.

Structural and Functional Characterization of Haemocyanin from the Anemone Hermit Crab Dardanus calidus

Gabriella Podda1, Barbara Manconi1, Alessandra Olianas1, Mariagiuseppina Pellegrini1, Irene Messana1,3, Marco Mura4, Massimo Castagnola2,3, Bruno Giardina2,3 and Maria Teresa Sanna1,*

1Dipartimento di Scienze Applicate ai Biosistemi, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato (CA); 2Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Cattolica Largo F. Vito 1, I-00168 Roma; 3Istituto per la Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR; and 4Dipartimento di Biologia Animale ed Ecologia, viale Poetto 1, I-09126, Cagliari, Italy

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +39 070 6754509, Fax: +39 070 6754523, E-mail: sanna{at}unica.it

Received August 8, 2007; Accepted October 27, 2007


  Abstract

Oxygen-binding to haemocyanin (Hc) is generally an exothermic process, with overall enthalphy of oxygenation varying from species to species. A number of crustacean Hcs showed a null or reduced enthalphy of oxygenation, among others, the anomuran Pagurus bernhardus and Paralithodes camtscaticae possess a completely temperature-independent oxygen-binding in a wide range of temperature and pH. Functional analysis performed on purified native, hexameric and dodecameric Hc forms of the anemone hermit crab Dardanus calidus allowed to calculate the enthalphy of oxygenation values that resulted equal to –36.2, –33.8 and –26.8 kJ/mol, respectively. Thus, the temperature sensitivity of oxygen binding of D. calidus Hc is in contrast with the temperature independence reported for P. bernhardus and P. camtscaticae, suggesting a high Hc functional heterogeneity within Anomura. Functional characterization also evidenced a strong oxygen affinity modulation by protons ({Delta}logP50/{Delta}pH = –0.97) and lactate [{Delta}logP50/{Delta}log(lactate) = –0.38], and a significant decrease in cooperativity by physiological concentration of lactate (n50 from 2.8 to 1.7 at pH 7.5).

Key Words: Bohr effect, enthalphy of oxygenation, lactate binding, oxygen affinity, subunit heterogeneity

Abbreviations: {Delta}H, overall heat of oxygenation; Hc, haemocyanin; n50, slope of the Hill plot at 50% saturation; pI, isoelectric point; P50, partial pressure of oxygen required to saturate 50% of the binding sites


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