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Journal of Biochemistry Advance Access published online on November 26, 2007
Journal of Biochemistry, doi:10.1093/jb/mvm228
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© 2007 The Japanese Biochemical Society

Biochemical Characterization of Phospholipids, Sulfatide and Heparin as Potent Stimulators for Autophosphorylation of GSK-3β and the GSK-3β-Mediated Phosphorylation of Myelin Basic Protein in Vitro1

Fumitaka Kawakami*, Akira Yamaguchi*, Kanzo Suzuki*, Takayuki Yamamoto{dagger} and Kenzo Ohtsuki*,2

*Laboratory of Genetical Biochemistry and Signal Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences; and {dagger}Biological Laboratory, Center for Natural Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 228-8555, Japan

2To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ken{at}kitasato-u.ac.jp (K. Ohtsuki)

Received October 21, 2007; Accepted November 13, 2007


  Abstract

The stimulatory effects of SH (sulfatide and heparin) and two phospholipids (PI and PS) on autophosphorylation of GSK-3β and the GSK-3β-mediated phosphorylation of myelin basic protein (MBP) and two synthetic MBP peptides (M86 and M156) were comparatively examined in vitro. It was found that (i) both PI and SH highly stimulated the GSK-3β-mediated phosphorylation of MBP, but not glycogen synthase, and two MBP peptides through their direct binding to these substrates; and (ii) both PI and heparin, as compared with sulfatide, highly stimulated autophosphorylation of GSK-3β. The Km value of MBP for GSK-3β was highly reduced and the Vmax value was significantly increased in the presence of these acidic modulators, which augmented further phosphorylation of MBP by the kinase. Under our experimental condition, similar stimulatory effects of PI and heparin were observed with the GSK-3β-mediated phosphorylation of tau protein (TP) in vitro. These results presented here suggest that these two phospholipids and SH may function as effective stimulators for autophosphorylation of GSK-3β and for the GSK-3β-mediated high phosphorylation of SH-binding proteins, including MBP and TP, in the highly accumulated levels of these acidic and sulfated modulators in the brain.

Key Words: glycogen synthase kinase 3, glycogen synthase, myelin basic protein, tau protein, tau-kinase, phospholipid, sulfatide, heparin


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