Journal of Biochemistry Advance Access published online on November 26, 2007
Journal of Biochemistry, doi:10.1093/jb/mvm231
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© 2007 The Japanese Biochemical Society
Target specificities of estrogen receptor-related receptors: Analysis of binding sequences and identification of Rb1-inducible coiled-coil 1 (Rb1cc1) as a target gene
1 Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
2 Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
Correspondence. T. Osumi, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1, Koto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan. TEL: +81-791-58-0192; FAX: +81-791-58-0193; E-mail: osumi{at}sci.u-hyogo.ac.jp
Received October 1, 2007; Accepted November 21, 2007
| Abstract |
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Estrogen receptor-related receptors (ERRs) are orphan members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. A single AGGTCA sequence element preceded by three conserved nucleotides has been identified as a specific recognition motif of ERRs. Here we performed systematic analyses of target sequences on all three ERR subtypes,
, β and
. In electrophoretic gel-mobility shift assay and transcriptional reporter assays, they exhibited similar patterns of recognition specificities, showing extremely broad ranges of target sequences. We searched a mouse promoter database for a gene carrying possible ERR-binding sequences. The Rb-1 inducible coiled-coil 1 (Rb1cc1) gene was found to contain two putative ERR binding elements, named response element (RE)-1 and RE-2, in the promoter region. In gene reporter assays, RE-2, but not RE-1, functioned as an effective cis-regulatory element for transactivation by ERR
in the presence of a coactivator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
coactivator-1
. Mutational analyses suggested that RE-2 is recognized by ERR
partly as a monovalent element, but also as a direct repeat motif separated by four spacer nucleotides. In vivo binding of ERR
to the Rb1cc1 promoter region was confirmed by the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Thus, Rb1cc1 is a target gene of ERR
, driven by a novel type of recognition sequence.
Key Words: Estrogen receptor-related receptor, Rb1-inducible coiled-coil 1, nuclear hormone receptor, response element, target gene, transcriptional regulation