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Journal of Biochemistry Advance Access published online on May 31, 2008
Journal of Biochemistry, doi:10.1093/jb/mvn073
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© 2008 The Japanese Biochemical Society

Prebiotic Origin of Glycolytic Metabolism: Histidine and Cysteine can produce Acetyl CoA from Glucose via Reactions Homologous to Non-phosphorylated Entner-Doudoroff Pathway

Mikio Shimizu1, Akihiko Yamagishi2, Kenji Kinoshita2, Yasuo Sida2 and Tairo Oshima2

1Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science, Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 229-8510
2Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science,1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachiouji, Tokyo, 192-0392

Contact address: Prof. Mikio Shimizu, 1738-6, Kohgasaka, Machida, Tokyo, 194-0014, Tel and Fax: 042-723-7584, Contact e-mail address: mshimizu55{at}ybb.ne.jp

Received December 11, 2007; Accepted May 25, 2008


  Abstract

Conversion of glucose to pyruvate via reactions homologous to the non-phosphorylated Entner-Doudoroff (non-P ED) pathway could be achieved in the presence of two amino acid catalysts, cysteine and histidine: cystine oxidizes glucose to gluconic acid by the reaction homologous to glucose dehydrogenase and histidine changes gluconic acid to 2-keto-3-deoxy gluconic acid, then to pyruvate by the reaction homologous to gluconic acid dehydratase and 2-keto-3-deoxy gluconate aldolase, respectively. Pyruvate can be converted to acetyl CoA by the reaction with CoA, TPP, and FAD in the presence of cysteine and histidine, which resembles pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction. It was found that gluconic acid dehydration alone is non-specific, in contrast to other reactions. The non-P ED pathway is used by some extreme thermophiles in bacteria and archaea, usually thought as the oldest among the contemporary organisms. This study suggests the possible contribution of amino acid to the origin of the glycolytic pathway.

Key Words: amino acid catalysts, energy acquiring central pathway, primitive metabolism, thermophiles, origins of life


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